Saturday, April 25, 2009

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE 1769-1821

The French Emperor and the noise, Napoleon I, out of his mother's womb in Ajaccio, Corsica, the year 1769. Original name Napoleon Bonaparte. Corsica entrance region of France only fifteen months before Napoleon was born, and at the time remajanya Napoleon a Corsican nationalist who considered the French oppressor. But Napoleon sent incoming military academy in France and when he graduated year 1785 at the age of fifteen years he was a French army lieutenant have an important position.

Four years later, the French Revolution exploded in recent years and the new French government is involved with some of the foreign country. The first opportunity is kebolehannya Napoleon appeared in the year 1793, in combat in Toulon (France retake the city from the hands of UK), where Napoleon duty in the artillery unit. At that time he was no longer hold on the nationalist Corsicanya understand, but people already consider themselves French. Successful-successful in obtaining the Toulon lift himself so Brigjen and in 1796 he was given the burden of responsibility so in command of French in Italy. In the country, between the years 1796-1797, Napoleon successfully serentetan seize victory also made her a hero when to return to France.

In 1798 he led the French invasion to Egypt. This step was a catastrophe. On land, troops Napoleon generally successful, but the British Navy under the command of Lord Nelson with a steady mengobrak upset French fleet, and in 1799 Napoleon in Egypt pasukannya leave and return to France.

Once up in France, Napoleon is a charming conclusion can be that more French people to be victory-victory in Italy rather than the failure of French expedition to Egypt. Hold on this fact, only a month after he tread the earth France, Napoleon took part in the seizure of power with Albe Sieyes and others. Howdah this birth of a new government called the "Consulate" and Napoleon became first consul. Although the constitution has been prepared with care and received approval through a plebiscite of the people, this is merely window dressing to cover the military dictatorship of Napoleon with the right elbow and is able to immobilize the opponent-lawannya.

Napoleon rise to power of the throne truly incredible. Precisely in August 1793, before hostilities Toulon, Napoleon Samasekali unknown person. He was not more than one officer was low twenty-four years old and not fully French. However, less than six years later - still in the age of thirty years - has come into the ruler so that France can not be debated again, a position that digenggamnya for more than four years.

During the years of his power, Napoleon conducted a large-scale renovation in the administrative system of government and law French. For example, he recast the structure of financial and judicial, he founded the Bank France and the University of France, and menyentralisir administration. Although each of these changes have important meaning, and in some cases have a long-term influence of power, especially to France, did not have a means for other countries.

But one of the renovation done by Napoleon have power beyond the influence of the French nation itself. Namely, the preparation is famed as the Code Napoleon. In many cases, this code reflects the ideas Revolution France. For example, under this code does not have privileges based on birth and origin, all the same degree in the eyes of law. Concurrently with the code is quite near the old laws and customary practices so received by the French people and French pengadilannya system. In general, the code was moderate, neatly organized and written with a concise, clear, and acceptable, besides easily understood. As a result, the code is only valid in France (French civil law that apply now almost similar to the Code Napoleon), but also well received in other countries with the changes that are tailored to local needs.

Napoleon is always the political confidence that he is defending a French Revolution. However, in the year 1804 that he himself also memperoklamirkan themselves as Emperor of France. Moreover, he was the three brothers in the kingdom over the throne a few European countries. This step can not not not a happy feeling on the part of the Republic of France considers that the sole whim of treason against the ideas and objectives of the French Revolution. However, the main difficulty faced is the battle with Napoleon countries foreign.

In the year 1802, in Amiens, Napoleon signed a peace treaty with England. This gives the wind relieved to France in time of ten years continue to be in the atmosphere of war. However, in the peace treaty the following year and dropped out of the long war with the British and allies also start again. Although Napoleon troops repeatedly won the battle on the mainland, the UK can not be defeated if it is not terlumpuhkan marine fleet. Malangnya to Napoleon, in the abstruse Trafalgar in the year 1805, the UK marine grab big victory. Therefore, supervision and the sea flooded the UK need not doubt. Although the victory of Napoleon (in Austerlitz against Austria and Russia) occurred six weeks after Trafalgar, it is not clear the bitterness of defeat marine sector.

In the year 1808 Napoleon do great folly to involve France in the war a long and uncertain pangkalnya at the end of the Iberia Peninsula, where the French army stuck motionless for many years. But Napoleon is the biggest mistake serangannya against Russia. Napoleon in the year 1807 face-to-face with the Czar, and the agreement they agreed Tilsit shore lasting friendship. However, the alliance persepakatan and slowly destroyed, and in June 1812 Napoleon led the army of giants trample Russian earth.

The results of this are the same note. Russian army's combat generally avoid dealing directly with the Napoleon army, so Napoleon can forward so quickly. In September Napoleon occupied Moscow. However, the Russian membumihanguskan the city and most of the flat to the ground. After waiting five days in Moscow (with the vain hope that Russia will offer peace), Napoleon finally decided backwards, but this decision has been delayed. Combination between Russia and the brunt of the cruel winter, not memadainya supply French troops resulted in the movement back into the movement back helter-skelter. Less than ten percent of the French giant could come out of the Russian earth alive.

European countries, like Austria and Prusia, aware they have the opportunity to correct the French lace. They combine all the strength of Napoleon, and during the hostilities in Leipzig in October 1813, Napoleon got back to the bitter staggerer stagger. The following year he stopped and removed to the Island of Elba, a small island offshore Italy.

In 1815 he fled from the island of Elba, to return to France, was well and back in power. European forces immediately serve notice of war and a hundred days after he duduknya again in the throne of power, the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo death.

After Waterloo, Napoleon dipenjara by people in the UK St. Helena, a small island in the South Atlantic Ocean. Here he winded exhale the last 1821 years as a result of cancer.

Napoleon military career presenting an interesting paradox. Kegeniusan movement taktiknya very spectacular, and when measured in terms of it only, so he can be considered a general during the biggest time. But the basic strategy in the field he had fallen due to make big mistake, error, such as invasion to Egypt and Russia. Strategic mistake so stupid, so Napoleon unfit military leaders dijuluki single class. Whether this presumption is not just a second? I think not. Indeed, the size of a general greatness lies in the ability of a dodge mistakes that lead towards destruction. Such things do not happen in the self-Alexander the Great, Jengis Khan and Tamerlane the army never invincible. Due Napoleon was defeated in the end may be in the year 1815, France has a rather small area that had dipunyainya in the year 1879, when the outbreak Revolution.

Napoleon, of course, an "egomaniac" and often seen semodel with Hitler. However, there are differences between them difficult. If Hitler acted terbesarnya some encouragement on the ideology that is hidden, Napoleon merely pushed by ambition that he oportunistis and have no appetite to do large slaughterhouse and preposterous. Napoleon in the government, there is no such concentration camps as Hitler owned.

Transcendental masyhurnya name Napoleon is very easy to trap people consider him the major influence of overconfidence. The period of short-term influence of the large, may be greater than Alexander the Great even if not of Hitler. (According to the estimate, about 500,000 French soldiers died in the war Napoleon, and Germany about 800,000 people died during the Second World War-2). By any measure, the act of Napoleon rather less what consist Hitler.

In relation to the influence of long-term, it seems more important rather than Napoleon Hitler, although more or less important than Alexander the Great. Napoleon make broad changes in the administration of French grammar, but the French only one per seventy of the world population. In each incident, the types of administrative changes to be reviewed from the perspective of rights perspective. The impact of the French people much less rather than changes in a number of advances in technology in the recent two centuries.

Many people say, Napoleon provides the opportunity for changes to the terkonsolidasinya and the mapannya the borjuais France. In the year 1815, when the French monarchy eventually be back, these changes ditopang so well protected and so the possibility can return patterns of social order that an entirely impossible. However, the most important changes actually occur and in which before Napoleon. In the year 1799 when Napoleon control of every possible way to the return to the status quo is too late. But, separated from the ambition of Napoleon own keraja-rajaan, he indeed hold an important role to spread revolutionary ideas throughout Europe.

Napoleon also brought the influence of precipitation due to the influence of broad-and great revolution in Latin America. Spain Penyerbuannya to weaken the government so that Spain cengkraman kolonialnya in the areas jajahannya also melonggar itself and not effective. In a situation this is the de facto autonomy of independence movements in Latin America began to explode.

Napoleon at Waterloo battle.

Doing all the steps of Napoleon, the most important and most have long-term effect would be outside the plan and there is no relevance to the plan of Napoleon himself.

In the year 1803, Napoleon sold the United States to the knowledgeable. He knew, the property of France in North America face difficult protected attacks UK. In addition, he also needs money, Louisiana is selling the land may be the sale-purchase of land in peace, the biggest change at a time in the history of the United States became a continent-sized country. Difficult to be what shape U.S. Louisiana without this. Pasti akan Samasekali is a country that is different from what we know now. Reasonable doubt and the United States can be a strong country without a buy-sell Louisiana this.

Napoleon, of course, is not the only person who berperanan and was responsible for this sale. United States government clearly also hold the role. However, the French offer to sell Louisiana, decided in consultation by one person. And the man Napoleon Bonaparte.

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